Steam-boiler



ZSheets-Sheet 1.

(Nq Model-3 P. F. LANDIS.

STEAM BOILER.

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" Patented July 21,1891.

WYZWZSSES (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

F. F. LANDIS. STEAM BOILER.

No. 456,149. Patented July-21, 1891.

WZZWESSES 1.7V VEJV Z '07:?

UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

- FRANK F. LANDIS, OF WAYNESBOROUGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM- BOILER.

SPEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 456,149, dated July 21,1891. Application filed September 15, 1890. Serial No. 365,073. (Nomodel.)

I To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, FRANK F. LANDIS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Waynesborough, in the county of Franklin and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inSteam- Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

This invention relates to steam-boilers; and it consists in the novelconstruction and combination of the parts, hereinafter fully describedand claimed, whereby the boiler is adapted to be heated by thecombustion of straw, coal, or other light or heavy fuel, as found mostconvenient.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the boiler.Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view taken on line a; 00 in Fig. 1. Fig.3 isa sectional plan view taken on the line y y in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is adetail view of the front end of the baffle-plate.

A is the shell of the boiler.

B is the fire-box, and a, are the fire-tubes extending between thefire-box and the smokebOX a, in the usual manner.

13 is the charging-opening for coal, which may be provided with a doorof any approved construction.

O is the grate, which is supported upon the cross-bars c and. c in thelower part of the fire-box. The grate is, provided with a deadplate Z2at the front end of the fire-box, and a series of grate-bars 1). Coal orother hard and compact fuel may be burned upon the grate C in the usualmanner; but in order that the boiler may be heated by burning straw,grass, shavings, or other similar light fuel, when coal is notobtainable, the. gratebars I) are arranged crosswise of the grateinstead of longitudinallyin the usual manner, and the air-spaces betweenthe said grate-bars are made to increase in width from the front to theback of the grate, the bars being arranged very close together at thedead-plate end.

D is the charging-opening for straw at the front of the fire-box betweenthe grate and the charging-opening B for coal.

D is an inclined spout, secured outside the boiler in front of theopening D, which is preferably of the full Width of the fire-box. Thestraw or other light fuel is packed into the spout D, and is pushedforward into the fire-box with as much regularity as possible, and inquantities proportional to the amount and pressure of the steamrequired.

E are bars, removably secured to the front end of the grate andextending longitudinally over the grate-bars for about two-thirds thethe bars E and the grate. The bars E are preferably constructed withdownwardly bent ends e, which are dropped into holes in the end of thegrate; but the said bars may be secured in any other convenient manner,so as to be easily removable.

F is a removable dead-plate, supported in the fire-box above thecharging-opening D for light fuel. I

. F are longitudinal bars projecting rearwardly from the end of. theplate F over the bars E, and removably connected to the said Thebaffle-plate G is of any approved construction, and may be permanentlysecured inside the fire-box.

G are removable bars, which project down- Wardly from the front end ofthe baffle-plate. These bars may be attached to'the battle-plate in anyconvenient manner, so as to be easily .hookedends g. 'llhese hooked endsare dropped over the bar g at the front end of the baffleplate, and thebars G hang in a vertical row, as shown in Fig. 4.

When coal or other hard fuel is to be used to heat the boiler thedead-plate F and the ient door or plate. The coal, which is chargedthrough the opening B, falls upon the grate without obstruction and isburned in the usual manner, the flame and smoke passing around thebaffle-plates, through the tubes, and into the smoke-box in the usualway.

When the boiler is to heated by light fuel, the dead-plate F and thebars are secured in position, as shown in the drawings, and thefiring-opening B for coal is bars G, F, and E are all removed, andthecharging-opening D is closed bylany conven-- G, F, and E length ofthe grate, leaving a space e between plate by the lugs f and the pivotedcatch f.

removable, but are preferably provided with closed up. The straw isignited upon the bars E, and the small particles fall through the bars Eupon the dead-plate and the gratebars under the said bars E. As thegratebars near the dead-plate are very close together and only permitjust enough air to pass through them to support the combustion of thesmall particles of straw which rest upon the front end of the grate, alayer of small particles of burning material is soon formed upon thesurface of the front end of the grate, which burning layer serves toignite the body of the straw which rests upon the bars E above it. Thefire at the front of the grate is not pushed backward by the enteringstraw, which is supported by the bars E. The straw is very quicklyignited and burns fiercely as it is pushed backwardly over the bars Eand under the bars 1*". The deadplate F above the straw prevents the toplayer of it from taking fire too rapidly, and pre vents the draft of airfrom passing direct from the opening D past the end of the baffieplateto the fire-tubes. The burning straw falls over the ends of the bars-Eupon the grate-bars at the rear of the fire-box, which are spaced wideapart so as to permit a free and full supply of air to support thecombustion of the straw. The bars F, which project rearwardly from thedead-plate F, keep the straw down upon the bars beneath them,

and permit the flames to pass upwardly around the bathe-plate.

The bars G at the front of the baffle-plate prevent light burning massesof straw from I being drawn over by the strong on rreut of air againstthe tube-plate.

H is the ash-box below the grate, and h are the air-inlet openings atthe ends of the ashbox.

I is a crushing and dumping plate pivoted upon the pins 2', between therear end of the grate and the end of the fire-box. The front wardly andforwardly, and rests by its own weight upon the bar 0, being providedwith air-openings i, so that the straw above it may burn freely. Therear end j of the plate I is curved downwardly and rearwardly beyond thepivot-pins, and J is an arm projecting from the under side of the saidplate.

The front end of plate I is heavier than the rear end, so that the platehas no tendency to open of itself when there is no fuel on the grate,and the rear end is curved, so that a grinding action may be applied tothe clinkcrs between it and the end plate of the the box. The clinkersformed by burning straw and rubbish are very brittle and glass-like, andcan be broken up and pulverized by vibrating the plate I and grindingthem against the end plate of the fire-box.-

K is a rod which passes through the ashbox and is pivoted to the arm Jby the pin 75.

The burning straw upon the grate has considerable dirt mixed up with it,and also much vegetable rubbish, and forms clinkers, which are pushed tothe rear of the fire-box and accumulate above the plate I. Theseclinkers are got rid of by repeatedly pulling the rod K and turning theplate I upon its pivots, as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 1. Thesmall cliukers are dropped into the ash-box and the larger clinkcrs arecrushed and broken up between the front end of the said plate and theend of the fire-box, so that they also fall into the ash-box. The smallclinkers at the rear of the ash-box and the fine ashes upon the ash-boxbottom are got rid of by means of a jet of hot water from the boiler.

M is a pipe provided with a very narrow slot m and extending across thefront end of the ash-box close to the bottom of it. The pipe M ispreferably of the crosssection shown in the drawings, and has a flatlower side which rests upon the bottom of the ashbox. The upper part ofthe pipe-M is fiattened and curved outwardly toward the rear, so thatthe narrow slot m comes close to the bottom of the ash-box. When thevalve 'nis opened, the pressure of the steam forces the water in a verythin sheet through the slot m and drives all the ashes and clinkers outof the ash-box through the airopening at the rear of it. The waterquenches the red-hot ashes and wets them thoroughly, so that they aredriven out in a mass, which falls upon the ground and does not fly aboutin the form of fine dust, as would be the case if the ashes wereexpelled by steam or air.

What I claim is 1. In a boiler, the combination, with a firebox providedwith a grate and two separate openings for charging the grate with heavyor with light fuel, of removable bars adapted to be secured within thesaid fire-box when light 'fuel is to be burned, for supporting andguiding the said light fuel, the said bars being taken out when heavyfuel is to be burned, substantially as set forth. end of this plate ispreferably inclined down- 2. In a boiler, the combination, with afirebox provided with a grate and separate openin gs for charging thegrate with heavy or with light fuel, of removable longitudinal bars forsupporting the entering light fuel a short distance above the grate, andremovable longitudinal bars above the said entering light fuel and belowthe said chargingopening for heavy fuel, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

3.- In a boiler, the combination, with a firebox provided with a grate,a tube-plate at its rear end, and two separate openings at its front endfor charging the grate with heavy or with light fuel, of a baffle-plateextending forwardly and upwardly from the tube-plate below the tubes,removable longitudinal bars for supporting and guiding the enteringlightfuel, and removable bars dependingfrom the front end of the saidbaflie-plate, whereby the furnace may be changed to adapt it to light orheavy fuel, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

IIO

4:. In a boiler, the combination, with a firefront end and withair-openings increasing in area from the dead-plate toward the rear ofthe grate, and removablelongitudinal bars secured at their front endsbelow the said charging-opening and adapted to support the enteringlight fuel a short distance above the front and middle portions of thegrate, whereby the light fuel may be rapidly ignited, substantially asset forth.

5. In a boiler, the combination, with a firebox provided with an openingfor light fuel, of a grate provided with a dead-plate at its front endand with air-openings increasing in area from the dead-plate toward therear of the grate, and removable longitudinal bars provided withdownwardly-bent ends adapted to be dropped into holes in the dead-platefor supporting the entering light fuel, substantially as set forth.

6. In a boiler, the combination, with a firebox provided with an openingfor light fuel, of a removable dead plate supported above the saidopening for preventing the too rapid ignition of the fuel, andlongitudinal bars projecting from the rear of the said dead-plate forguiding the fuel and permitting it to burn freely in the middle and rearportions of the fire-box, substantially as set forth.

7. In a boiler, the combination, with a fire 0 box provided with anopening for light fuel at its front and a tube-plate at its rear, of abaffle-plate projecting from the said tubeplate and provided with a barat its front end extending across the fire-box, a series of removablebars depending vertically from the 3 5 said bar and adapted to retainthe burning light fuel below the said baffle-plate, sub stantially asset forth.

8. In a boiler, the combinatiomwith a firebox and a grate supportedtherein, of a plate pivoted between the grate and the end plate of thefire-box, said plate being heavier upon that side of its pivot next thegrate and curved downwardly beyond the said pivot, and an arm projectingdownwardly from the said plate, whereby the plate may be-oscillated tocrush and grind the clinkers against the end plate of the fire-box,substantially as set forth.

9. In a boiler, the combination, with a firebox and a grate supportedtherein, of an oscillatory curved plate journaled at the rear of thesaid grate and adapted to be raised to crush and grind the cindersagainst the end plate of the fire-box, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' FRANK F. LANDIS.

Witnesses:

HERBERT W. T. J ENNER, E. R. R. HOYT.

